Full OSINT Guide - Investigator's Edition
By Lance Casey — Licensed California Private Investigator — CA PI #27617 — Updated Mar 2026
This is a collection of OSINT tools, methods, and resources I have built up over 25+ years of licensed investigative work in California. Unlike most OSINT guides written by hobbyists, everything here is based on real casework — surveillance, skip tracing, child custody, infidelity, process serving, and database investigations. Learn the methods. The tools change. The methods do not.
// Table of Contents
- What is OSINT?
- Search Operators & Google Dorking
- People Search
- Criminal Records
- Business Investigations
- Website & Domain OSINT
- Phone Number Lookup
- License Plates & Vehicle OSINT
- Social Media OSINT
- Images & Reverse Image Search
- Physical Locations & Satellite
- Address Lookup
- Email Lookup
- Social Security Number Search
- Skip Tracing
- Real Estate Records
- Public Records & Court Documents
- OSINT Frameworks & Tools
- Follow Lance The PI
- About the Author
// What is OSINT?
Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) is the collection and analysis of data gathered from publicly available sources to produce actionable intelligence. As a licensed private investigator, OSINT is the foundation of almost every investigation I run before any fieldwork begins. It is legal, it is powerful, and when done correctly it gives you a roadmap before you ever leave your desk.
OSINT is used by law enforcement, private investigators, attorneys, journalists, corporate security teams, and researchers. The key difference between a professional investigator and an amateur is knowing which sources are legally permissible, how to verify information across multiple sources, and how to document findings for use in court.
// Search Operators & Google Dorking
Before touching any paid database, exhaust free search engine resources. Google search operators let you filter results with surgical precision. Here are the ones I use most in active investigations:
- "John Smith" Sacramento — exact name + city
- site:linkedin.com "John Smith" — find LinkedIn profiles
- inurl:resume "John Smith" filetype:pdf — find resumes
- "John Smith" site:facebook.com — find Facebook profiles
- intitle:"John Smith" — pages with name in title
- "555-867-5309" -site:whitepages.com — phone number excluding directories
- "123 Main St" Sacramento tenant — address research
- cache:example.com — view cached version of a site
Additional tools for advanced dorking:
- Google Alerts — monitor new search results for a target name or keyword
- Google Hacking Database — advanced operator combinations
- DorkSearch — faster Google dorking interface
// People Search
People search is the backbone of skip tracing and subject location work. I run a professional people search service for clients who need verified results with legal permissible purpose. For a deeper breakdown of methods see my People Search guide.
Free and low-cost people search tools:
- WhitePages — name, address, phone lookups USA
- TruePeopleSearch — free people search, US focused
- FastPeopleSearch — free, aggregates public records
- ThatsThem — reverse lookup by name, email, phone, address
- FastBackgroundCheck — free background search
- WebMii — web presence aggregator by name
- Xlek — free people search aggregator
- BlackBookOnline — free public records directory
- Pipl — paid, professional-grade identity resolution
- VoterRecords — voter registration records by state
- USPhoneBook — free reverse phone and name search
- FindAGrave — verify deceased subjects
- Ancestry — genealogy and historical records
- FamilySearch — free genealogy records
// Criminal Records
Criminal record checks are a standard part of background investigations, custody cases, and subject vetting. Here are the public sources I start with before pulling paid database reports:
- NCSC Court Records — national court records search
- National Sex Offender Registry — NSOPW federal registry
- Federal Bureau of Prisons Inmate Locator — federal inmates 1982 to present
- HotGunz Stolen Firearms — check if a firearm is reported stolen
- PoliticalMoneyLine — political donation records
For California-specific criminal records, the DOJ operates the California Law Enforcement Telecommunications System (CLETS), which is only accessible to licensed investigators and law enforcement with proper permissible purpose.
// Business Investigations
When investigating a business, start with public filings before moving to people connected to the entity. Corporate records reveal directors, registered agents, filing history, and sometimes home addresses used during formation.
- OpenCorporates — global company search, officers and filings
- LinkedIn — employee listings, org structure, job postings
- Indeed — job postings reveal internal tech stack and staffing
- SEC EDGAR — public company filings
- Better Business Bureau — complaints and ratings
Always check the Secretary of State website for the state the business is registered in. California business entities can be searched at businesssearch.sos.ca.gov.
// Website & Domain OSINT
When a subject operates a website or online business, domain records can reveal registration details, hosting providers, connected domains, and historical ownership — often linking back to real identities.
- CentralOps — comprehensive host and domain intel
- DNSlytics — reverse IP, find all domains on a server
- Wayback Machine — historical snapshots of any website
- BuiltWith — technologies used on a website
- URLScan — scan and analyze any URL
- ViewDNS — WHOIS, reverse IP, DNS tools
- DomainTools — WHOIS history and domain research
- Ahrefs Backlink Checker — find who links to a domain
- crt.sh — SSL certificate search, reveals subdomains
- Shodan — internet-connected device and server search
// Phone Number Lookup
Reverse phone lookups are one of the most common requests I handle. I offer a professional reverse phone lookup service with access to carrier-level data not available in free tools. For a full breakdown of methods see my Reverse Phone Lookup guide.
Free tools to start with:
- TrueCaller — crowd-sourced caller ID database
- SpyDialer — free reverse phone, name, address lookup
- ThatsThem — reverse lookup by phone number
- WhitePages — reverse phone lookup
- USPhoneBook — free reverse phone search
If Google searches with the number do not return results, try variations: with and without hyphens, with area code, spelled out. Even a phone emoji in a Google search can sometimes surface social posts containing the number.
// License Plates & Vehicle OSINT
License plate lookups are one of the most powerful tools in a PI's arsenal — and one of the most legally regulated. Under the DPPA (Driver's Privacy Protection Act), plate owner information can only be accessed by licensed investigators, law enforcement, and other parties with a permissible purpose. I operate a professional license plate lookup service and a license plate owner lookup API for businesses and developers who need DPPA-compliant plate data at scale. For state-specific plate information see license plate information by state. For a deeper breakdown see my License Plate Lookup guide.
- License Plate Owner Lookup API — DPPA-compliant plate owner data API for licensed users
- License Plate Information by State — state-by-state plate lookup resources
- Professional License Plate Lookup Service — run by a licensed CA PI
- NHTSA VIN Decoder — free government VIN decoding tool
- FMCSA Truck Lookup — commercial vehicle registration
- FindByPlate — license plate search tool
- VinCheckup — vehicle history report
- GoodCar — vehicle history, owner records, title check
// Social Media OSINT
Social media is a goldmine for investigators. People post locations, relationships, schedules, vehicles, and associates without realizing it. I cover social media OSINT extensively in my work — from child custody cases to infidelity investigations. The key is knowing what to look for and how to preserve what you find.
// Twitter / X
- X (Twitter) — search by name, username, keyword, location
- SocialBearing — Twitter analytics and geo search
- Botometer — detect bot accounts on Twitter
- Search operators: from:username, to:username, geocode:lat,long,radius
- Facebook — search by name, location, workplace, school
- FindMyFBID — find a Facebook account's numeric ID
- Graph.tips — advanced Facebook graph search tool
- IntelX Facebook Tools — Facebook OSINT tools
- Facebook has OCR — you can search for text visible inside images posted on the platform
- Instagram — check followers, following, tagged locations, tagged photos
- Look at who the subject follows — associates, family, and employers are often listed
- Tagged photos from others can reveal location and relationships even on private accounts
// YouTube
- YouTube — search by name, channel, topic
- CitizenEvidence — extract metadata and thumbnails from YouTube videos
- Reverse image search video thumbnails to find reposts and alternate accounts
- Reddit — search by username, subreddit, keyword
- Unddit — view deleted Reddit posts and comments
- Resavr — archived deleted Reddit comments
- LinkedIn — employment history, connections, education
- Job title and employer history can help verify identity and locate current address through cross-referencing
- Company pages reveal employees, org structure, and office locations
// TikTok
- TikTok — search by username, hashtag, sound
- Location tags and background details in videos can reveal home address and daily routine
- Comments and duets reveal associates and relationships
// Snapchat
- Snapchat Map — view public snaps by geographic location
- Snap Map shows real-time public content posted in a specific area — useful for location verification
// Username Search
If you have a username, check it across all platforms to find connected accounts:
- WhatsMyName — username search across hundreds of platforms
- Namechk — check username availability and existence
- KnowEm — username search across social networks
- InstantUsername — real-time username search
// Images & Reverse Image Search
If all you have is a photo, extract everything you can from it. Is there a vehicle in the background? A street sign? A license plate? A business logo? EXIF metadata can reveal the exact GPS coordinates where a photo was taken.
- Google Images — reverse image search
- Yandex Images — often finds results Google misses, especially faces
- TinEye — find exact and modified copies of an image
- Pic2Map — extract GPS location from image EXIF data
- Remove.bg — remove background to isolate subject for cleaner reverse search
- Deepware — deepfake detection tool
Always run photos through at least two reverse image search engines. Yandex is particularly strong for facial recognition on public photos where Google falls short.
// Physical Locations & Satellite
Satellite imagery and mapping tools let you pre-scout a location before physical surveillance. I use these tools on every surveillance job to identify entry points, parking, sight lines, and escape routes before I arrive.
- Google Maps — street view, satellite, business listings
- Bing Maps — Bird's Eye view often more detailed than Google
- Wigle — map of wireless networks by location
- RadarBox — real-time aircraft tracking
- FlightRadar24 — aircraft tracking and flight history
- AviationDB — aircraft registration and ownership lookup
- LiveATC — live air traffic control audio
// Address Lookup
Reverse address lookups identify current and past residents at a given address, associated phone numbers, and neighboring properties. I offer a professional reverse address lookup service for clients who need verified results. For a full breakdown see my Reverse Address Lookup guide.
- WhitePages — reverse address lookup
- ThatsThem — reverse address with associated names and phones
- FastPeopleSearch — free reverse address search
- USPhoneBook — reverse address lookup
- Spokeo — address history and resident lookup
// Email Lookup
An email address can unlock a subject's entire digital footprint — social accounts, forum posts, data breach records, and registered domains. I offer a professional reverse email search service for verified results. For a full breakdown see my Reverse Email Lookup guide.
- Hunter.io — find emails associated with a domain or company
- Have I Been Pwned — check if an email appears in data breaches
- Email Checker — validate if an email address is active
- Epieos — find social accounts linked to an email address
- Phonebook.cz — email, domain, and URL intelligence
// Social Security Number Search
SSN searches are among the most sensitive and legally restricted lookups in investigative work. Access to SSN data requires strict permissible purpose under federal law. I offer a professional SSN search service for licensed permissible use cases including attorney-retained investigations, court proceedings, and skip tracing. For a full breakdown see my Social Security Number Search guide.
// Skip Tracing
Skip tracing is the process of locating a person who has deliberately gone off the grid — avoiding debt collectors, process servers, or legal proceedings. As a licensed PI with 25+ years of experience, skip tracing is one of my core services. It combines database lookups, social media OSINT, phone records, utility records, and field surveillance into a systematic locate operation.
Key skip tracing starting points:
- Last known address — run reverse address to identify neighbors and landlords
- Known associates — cross-reference social media followers and family members
- Employment records — check LinkedIn, Indeed, and state licensing databases
- Vehicle records — license plate lookup can place a subject at a new address
- Utility connections — new utility hookups are public record in many states
- Social media activity — location tags, check-ins, and background details in photos
- People search databases — cross-reference multiple sources for current address
Need a subject located? Contact Lance Casey & Associates for professional skip tracing services.
// Real Estate Records
Property records are public and reveal ownership, purchase price, mortgage holder, mailing address, and tax records. These are invaluable for locating subjects and identifying assets in civil litigation support work.
- Redfin — property records, ownership history, tax data
- Zillow — property details, owner information, tax history
- BiggerPockets — real estate investor records
- County Assessor websites — each California county publishes property tax records online with owner names and mailing addresses
- County Recorder websites — deed transfers, liens, and encumbrances are public record
// Public Records & Court Documents
Court records are one of the richest sources of verified personal information available to investigators. Filings contain addresses, employer information, financial disclosures, and sworn statements.
- PACER — federal court records access
- CourtListener — free federal and state court opinions
- California SOS Business Search — CA entity filings
- California Courts — check individual county superior court portals for civil and criminal case records
- California eFiling — statewide court filing portal
// OSINT Frameworks & Tools
These are the master reference tools and frameworks used by professional investigators and security researchers. Start here when you are not sure where to look next.
- OSINT Framework — comprehensive categorized OSINT tool directory
- IntelTechniques — Michael Bazzell's professional OSINT resource hub
- Bellingcat — open source investigative journalism and OSINT guides
- Maltego — visual link analysis and OSINT platform
- SpiderFoot — automated OSINT reconnaissance tool
- ARIN WHOIS — IP address and network registration lookup
- Internet Archive — archived websites, books, and media
// Reverse PO Box Lookup
PO Boxes are commonly used by subjects trying to conceal their physical address. A licensed PI can run a reverse PO box search to identify the registered holder and associated physical address on file with USPS. I offer a professional reverse PO box search service. For a full breakdown see my Reverse PO Box Lookup guide.
// Follow Lance The PI
I post real PI content, OSINT tips, surveillance footage, and live Sacramento scanner coverage across multiple platforms. Follow along:
- YouTube - Lance Casey Associates
- YouTube - Lance The PI
- YouTube - Scanner Channel
- TikTok - @lance.the.pi
- TikTok - @lancethepinews
- Facebook - Lance The PI
- Facebook - Lance Casey & Associates
- LinkedIn - Lance Casey
- LinkedIn - Lance Casey Associates
- X - @LancethePI
- Threads - @lancethepi
- Pinterest - LanceCaseyPI
- Clapper - LanceThePI
- SoundCloud - Lance Casey Associates
- BitChute - Lance Casey Associates
// About the Author
I am Lance Casey — a licensed California Private Investigator with over 25 years of field experience and a former law enforcement background. CA PI License #27617. I operate Lance Casey & Associates in Sacramento, California specializing in surveillance, skip tracing, license plate lookups, process serving, and OSINT investigations. I have testified in court over 100 times and hold a criminal justice degree.
Online I go by Lance The PI — creating content across TikTok, YouTube, Instagram, and Facebook covering real investigations, PI tips, and live Sacramento scanner coverage generating millions of views monthly.
Need a licensed PI? Visit lancecasey.com or call my Sacramento office.